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Waleed
Of civil society
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Since the dawn of history, the first concern of the human person is searching for the best means to satisfy the material and moral needs, including the need to meet others Cgrisah basic composition of a society structured cooperation among individuals and groups, which was expressed by Abu philosophers Plato saying that the human animal civilian nature, as was intended Madani word that the city is the ideal format for the organization of human society and achieve happiness.
But this ideal has not achieved in reality, where the increase in the number and complexity of human societies with limited resources to conflicts and wars that had threatened annihilation that everyone did not find a way to settle differences and the division of resources is acceptable to all and reconcile them. This was behind the emergence of the need for law and order as well as the need to power capable of imposing its then on everyone to avoid the dangers of chaos and destruction. The need for security and peace is the mother of invention, which created a power capable of organizing humanitarian group, and since then the story of man's struggle in search for the best way to regulate social relations and the ideal figure of authority, which guarantees the achievement of good and happiness and virtue.
The family is the nucleus of society structured in a simple primitive stages of life, where an atmosphere of cooperation and instinctive belong to the individual on the basis of the Association of blood link uterus and kinship. And determine which course of the year as it is described by the son or father or spouse, and then expanded family, joined by families of new bonds intermarriage, the tribe formed then the clan, which includes the Group tribes. And the Senate has the power and elderly older. But the Association of blood is no longer the sole basis of affiliation in the community, which emerged broader links: religious, sectarian or denominational. Thus, the humanitarian community is divided on the basis of a natural, in the hands of the individual is selected finds itself belongs to the family, clan and tribe by virtue of a certain birthday.
With the increasing complexity of societies and numbers are no longer the natural communities enjoy stability and security. It appeared individuals reversal of their own and seek to achieve them, even at the expense of others. No longer customary norms and moral principles capable of resolving conflicts between them, and appeared the urgent need to establish laws in the form of written texts and the need to assume authority and the obligation imposed by everybody.
In medieval religious authority played a role, was the church in Europe is the power broker in imposing law and order, but what broadcast claimed that they possess the sacred authority derived from the will of God. And persisted in the practice of oppression and repression against freedom, which plunged the European Community in the darkness of underdevelopment and stagnation throughout the Middle Ages at the same time lived by the Islamic civilization and Arab brighter covenants and the first known pictures of the modern sense as institutions with a clear and specific functions.
With the dawn of the seventeenth century, Europe entered an era of enlightenment known Renaissance era, where he started the transition from a feudal agricultural industry. And the associated industrial revolution and the invention of the machine movement population migration from the countryside to cities and transmission group home or workshop to the big factory, which includes large numbers of workers, now there are two classes, one working with the other capital and have begun clear conflict between the interests of workers and factory owners.
Also linked to the economic situation of this new emergence of the right of private property, which pay each of the individuals on the formation of trade unions and organizations to defend their rights and interests of private and common. These links are given loyalty and affiliation of a large number of individuals regardless of whether there are differences among them in the normal links Kalaqrabh, religion, sex, color and the community ... .. etc..
And the imposition of the same question again: What is the relationship between the groups mouthpiece of the special interests of its members and the state mouthpiece of the general interest of society as a whole? Is there room for compromise between the two meet? Here, the civil society as a link between the two areas.
Civil society is one of the forms of organization of communities so that the cooperation between individuals and groups in the areas of economic, social and cultural purpose of protecting the rights and interests of diverse groups and reconciling them, ensuring a higher degree of equality among them. It depends on independent means free from government interference and control on the basis of mutual respect and the balance between private interests and the general interest of society as a whole.
The phenomenon associated with civil society in the origins and evolution in the later stages of the era of enlightenment on the struggle of peoples for the sake of democracy, freedom and equality. It also expressed the best way to remedy the apparent contradiction between the need for freedom and rights to the need for security and order. Power embodied in the State docked in history Exercise colors of tyranny and oppression, injustice and infringement on the rights of peoples pretext of protecting society from chaos and war and the rule of kings caused covenants tyrants in Europe in a popular revolutions called for democracy and respect for human rights.
Here, there is a need to establish organizations and groupings to defend those rights in the face of dictators to restore balance, which has already been imbalance between liberty and order. The associations in those organizations, non-governmental organizations, trade unions, which are separate entities picture from the State. Without independence as able to reduce the domination and tyranny of government power and stop an attack on the rights of individuals and groups.
Thus, there has been evolution in the meaning of civil society as a means of the organization aimed at preserving the interests of only a means of protection of rights and freedoms in the face of the state.
But does that mean civil society in conflict with a permanent state?
Indeed, this is not true, civil society runs only with the non-authoritarian democracy. But the state is not necessarily seeking to restrict freedoms or suppressed permanently, but came originally invented as a way to preserve the rights of society and achieving the entity system. Therefore, it has addressed the positive role of an effort to improve society, such as development of economic and protect cultural identity and cultural rights.
These general objectives looks forward to any people, individuals may accept some sacrifice their own interests in the process. But to reach this acceptance community needs to engage in a dialogue in which the exchange of views different categories leading to a compromise. How is this dialogue? Here comes the role of civil society institutions that provide intermediary channels through which dialogue organized in peace without any party feels Bhajth to resort to violence.
Now, can we identify those multiple meanings carried by the word civil society? It can be said that civil society is based on social Association individual choice involving individuals voluntarily without force and applying existing regulations apply to join the membership of their own free will that make them abide by its principles and contribute actively in its activities. Association and the existence of this social community as a whole to achieve greater stability and peace and security,
It also ensures limits to restrict the authority of the state and prevent it from tyranny.
This form of social organization consisting of a diverse group of religious, educational, professional, political, cultural, unions and trade unions and professional organizations, as well as charities and political parties ... etc.,
which is dominated by the values and principles of tolerance and acceptance of others, peaceful dialogue and respect for individual freedom and privacy. These are bodies and institutions to exercise the role of Sergeant government about the actions of individuals, groups and then hold them to her question.
Add to this, that civil society is that of an independent movement of up to the citizens enjoy freedom in which to organize their lives away from state control or control, and that includes independent organizations open to the citizens to join with the aim of serving the interest or issue or the expression of opinion through peaceful means based joint to respect the right of individuals and other groups to do the same thing. Valtases based on freedom, independence, voluntary choice of the individual, activity based on volunteerism and public action and the goals are the interests or issues or rights of common and peaceful means. The organization is reflecting the community achieve a higher degree of sophistication that is no longer a minor under the affiliation ties preliminary inherited not entered into a human choice, but it Akdarh imposed by birth.
He became affiliation reflects the Association optional giving individual voluntarily own free will, which means that social life has shifted from the question of fatalism surrendered to the individual does not have to change to the resolution and choice. This is the human right to self-determination.
The decision to join the membership of groups beginning a journey, not an end, as much involved in all the affairs of society. And become a strong individual is a member of the group because it has become a greater capacity to influence the goings on around him, when he became a partner in decision-making both at the Community level and at the level of society as a whole after his eligibility government accountability and liability.
As we have stated before about the relationship of civil society in democracy, the democracy of any society depends on the existence of a civil society sense question. It sincere measure of the fact that democracy and civil society a guarantee payment of the government's response to it by individuals and groups to express their demands and wishes to achieve a better quality of life.
But for that to happen there must first be positive citizen has the attention of public affairs and the willingness to exercise independent public action.
But that should not lead us on this civil society which emphasizes independence, freedom and protection of rights to the belief paradox session with the role of government. Like true that the phenomenon is not only aimed at regulating social relations and political, and thus participate in the basic purpose, and develop rules governing the conduct of individuals and groups so as to reconcile them despite the conflicting demands and interests through peaceful means to express them, and then assembled and put it in the form of alternatives to the ruling authority for the highest degree of balance between rights and duties, including an entity that preserves the community as a whole. Units of civil society not only mediates communication tools relationship different groups together as a centre of government convicted.